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STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

DEPARTMENT  OF  REGISTRATION  AND  EDUCATION 

A.  M.  SHELTON,  Director 

DIVISION  OF  THE 

STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

M.  M.  LEIGHTON.  Chief 


REPORT  OF  INVESTIGATIONS— NO.  16 


THE  OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES  OF  THE 
AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 

BY 

TOWNER  B.  ROOT 


ILLINOIS  STATE  LIBRARY 


PRINTED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 


URBANA,  ILLINOIS 
1928 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

DEPARTMENT  OF  REGISTRATION  AND  EDUCATION 

A.  M.  SHELTON,  Director 

DIVISION  OF  THE 

STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

M.  M.  LEIGHTON.  Chief 


REPORT  OF  INVESTIGATIONS— NO.  16 


THE  OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES  OF  THE 
AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 

BY 

TOWNER  B.  ROOT 


PRINTED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 


URBANA,  ILLINOIS 
1928 


ILLINOIS  STATE  LIBRARY 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

DEPARTMENT  OF  REGISTRATION  AND  EDUCATION 

A.  M.  SHELTON,  Director 


DIVISION  OF  THE 

STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


M.  M.  LEIGHTON.  Chief 


Committee  of  the  Board  of  Natural  Resources 

and  Conservation 

A.  M.  Shelton,  Chairman 

Director  of  Registration  and  Education 

Charles  M.  Thompson 

Representing  the  President  of  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Illinois 

Epson  S.  Bastin 
Geologist 


Jeffersons  Printing  &  Stationery  Co. 
Springfield,  Illinois 
1928 


c  -J 


CONTENTS 


Introduction . 

Previous  work  and  acknowledgments . 

Location  and  general  description  . 

General  structural  relations  . 

Geology  . 

Stratigraphy  . 

Chester  beds  . 

Pottsville  beds  . 

Higher  Pennsylvanian  beds  . 

Structural  geology  . . . 

Sources  of  information  . 

Structure  . 

Faults  . 

Oil  and  gas  . 

Producing  areas  . 

Lange  pool  . 

Rickenburg  pool  . 

Combs-Carter  pool  . 

Carter  pool  . 

Combs  pool  . 

Ditch  pool  . 

Downen  pool  . 

Geberding  pool  . 

Morris  pool  . 

Smaller  producing  areas  . 

Exploration  outside  the  producing  area . 

Gas  and  oil  showings  . 

Dry  holes  . 

Untested  strata  in  the  main  Campbell  Hill  Anticline 

Shallow  testing  of  other  structures . 

Levan  anticline  . 

Minor  structures  . . . 


Page 

5 

5 

6 
7 
7 
7 
7 
9 

10 

10 

10 

11 

12 

13 

13 

13 

16 

16 

17 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 
22 
22 

23 

24 

25 

25 

26 


3 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


Figure  Page 

1  Index  map  showing  the  area  of  this  report .  6 

2  Cross-section  along  the  axis  of  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline  (PI.  Ill  line 

A-B)  .  14 

3  Cross-section  through  Geberding-Lange  pools  (PI.  Ill  line  E-F) .  18 

4  Cross-section  through  Modglin-Ditch  and  Carter  pools  (PI.  Ill  line  C-D)  20 

Plate  Pocket 

I  Columnar  section  for  the  Ava-Campbell  Hill  area. 

II  Structure  map  of  the  Campbell  Hill  area  showing  the  elevation  of  the 
Ava  shale  and  the  Herrin  (No.  6)  coal. 


Ill  Structure  map  of  the  Campbell  Hill  gas  fields  showing  the  elevation  of 
the  Menard  limestone. 


4 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES  OF  THE 
AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 
By  Towner  B.  Root 

INTRODUCTION 

The  Ava-Campbell  Hill  district  of  southwestern  Illinois  has  been 
producing  natural  gas  for  more  than  ten  years.  Drilling  during  and  be¬ 
fore  1916  had  shown  the  presence  of  both  oil  and  gas,  and  the  gas 
from  one  well  on  the  Froemling  property  was  piped  for  use  in  the  house 
of  the  land  owner.  Nevertheless,  systematic  and  extensive  develop¬ 
ment  was  not  begun  until  the  Mid  Egypt  Oil  and  Gas  Company  started 
operations  in  the  region  in  February,  1918.  Gas  was  first  marketed  in 
October,  1921,  and  since  then  has  been  produced  at  a  rate  of  about  450,000 
to  500,000  cubic  feet  per  day.  The  oil  production  has  been  less  im¬ 
portant;  the  estimate  of  total  production  up  to  midsummer,  1925,  was 
from  20,000  to  25,000  barrels.  The  production  of  both  gas  and  oil  has 
declined  recently,  and  drilling  in  the  last  few  years  has  developed  pro¬ 
gressively  smaller  wells. 

PREVIOUS  WORK  AND  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

In  1912  Mr.  E.  W.  Shaw  and  Dr.  T.  E.  Savage  reported  on  the  Mur- 
physboro  quadrangle  in  folio  No.  185  of  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey.  In  1914  Mr.  H.  A.  Wheeler  published  a  map  of  Illinois,  showing 
an  area  of  gas  production  in  the  Ava  region,  in  Volume  48  of  the  Trans¬ 
actions  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers.  In  1917  Mr. 
Stuart  St.  Clair  published  a  short  report  on  the  “Oil  possibilities  of  the 
Ava  area”  in  Bulletin  35  of  the  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey.  In  1919 
Dr.  J.  Marvin  Weller  mapped  the  geology  of  the  Campbell  Hill  quad¬ 
rangle  for  this  Survey,  but  this  has  not  been  published.  Grateful  ac¬ 
knowledgment  is  given  for  the  material  obtained  from  these  sources. 

The  cooperation  of  the  Mid  Egypt  Oil  and  Gas  Company  and  of  the 
Willis  Coal  and  Mining  Company  in  making  available  important  data  is 
gratefully  acknowledged.  Thanks  are  especially  due  to  Dr.  U.  S.  Grant 
of  Northwestern  University,  geologist  for  the  Mid  Egypt  Oil  and  Gas 
Company,  and  to  Mr.  A.  L.  Pratt,  head  driller,  and  Mr.  Fred  A.  Krewer, 
engineer  of  the  Willis  Coal  and  Mining  Company. 


5 


6 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


The  field  work  was  done  during  the  summers  of  1924  and  1925,  and 
the  writer  was  assisted  by  Mr.  William  E.  Powers,  Mr.  John  T.  McCor- 
mack,  and  Mr.  Joseph  H.  Markley,  Jr. 

LOCATION  AND  GENERAL  DESCRIPTION 

The  Ava-Campbell  Hill  district  is  located  in  southwestern  Illinois 
and  includes  the  northwest  corner  of  Jackson  County,  the  southwest 
corner  of  Perry  County,  and  an  adjacent  strip  of  Randolph  County 
(fig.  1).  All  but  one  of  the  producing  wells  of  the  district  are  located 


Fig.  1.  Index  map  showing  the  location  of  the  area 
discussed  in  this  report  and  other  oil  fields  in  central  and 
southwestern  Illinois. 

in  Bradley  Township,  (T.  7  S.,  R.  4  W.)  in  the  northwest  corner  of 
Jackson  County. 

The  district  is  naturally  divided  into  two  contrasting  physiographic 
units:  (1)  a  more  or  less  rough  and  broken  highland  to  the  south  and 
west;  (2)  relatively  level  lowlands  to  the  north  and  east.  The  boundary 
between  the  two  is  indefinite  except  at  the  northeastern  edge  of  the 
Campbell  Hill  anticline  where  it  is  marked  by  an  abrupt  change  in  topo¬ 
graphy.  The  highland  is  underlain  by  the  older  rocks  of  early  Pennsyl¬ 
vanian  (Pottsville)  and  late  Mississippian  (Chester)  age,  principally 


ILLINOIS  STATE  GEOLOICAL  SURVEY 


Urbana,  Illinois 


Revised  Copy- 


Report  of  Investigations  No.  16 


"Oil  and  Gas  Resources  of  the  Ava-Campbell  Hill  Area" 


In  the  first  distribution  of  this  report,  serious 
errors  appeared  in  the  table  on  page  8,  in  the  discussion 
of  the  Lange  well  on  page  24,  and  in  the  generalized  columnar 
section  shown  on  Plate  I.  Revised  copies  are  being  prepared 
to  cover  all  of  the  first  distribution  and  will  be  mailed 
within  a  few  days .  In  order  that  the  old  copies  may  be  with¬ 
drawn  from  reference  to  avoid  confusion  in  the  future,  request 
is  urgently  made  that  upon  receipt  of  the  new  copy,  the  old  be 
returned  to  this  Survey  under  cover  of  the  self-addressed 
stamped  envelope  which  will  be  enclosed  with  the  new  copy. 


The  author  of  the  report  does  not  share  in  the 
responsibility  for  the  errors  referred  to  above. 


M.  M.  Leighton, 


Chief 


June  1,  1928. 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES 


7 


sandstones  in  this  area,  which  resist  erosion  and  produce  the  rough  topo¬ 
graphy.  The  lowlands  are  underlain  by  the  softer  beds  of  later  Pennsyl¬ 
vanian  age  (Carbondale  and  McLeansboro) ,  which  consist  largely  of 
shale  with  some  sandstone,  limestone,  and  coal  beds. 

GENERAL  STRUCTURAL  RELATIONS 

The  principal  structural  feature  of  the  region  is  the  Campbell  Hill 
anticline,  an  asymmetrical  fold  dipping  more  steeply  to  the  north,  which 
is  elongated  in  a  general  southwest  direction.  The  highland  of  the  area 
is  directly  due  to  the  physiographic  effect  of  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline. 
The  areas  northwest  and  southeast  of  the  anticlinal  ridge  show  somewhat 
less  markedly  the  physiographic  effect  of  the  underlying  structural  basins 
and  small  subsidiary  anticlines  locally  show  up  as  ridges,  as  for  example 
at  Wine  Hill,  and  in  secs.  10  and  16,  T.  8  S.,  R.  3  W.,  (Levan  Township) 
Jackson  County. 

GEOLOGY 

Stratigraphy 

The  columnar  section  (PI.  1)  shows  the  character  of  the  rock  forma¬ 
tions  which  occur  in  the  Campbell  Hill  area  as  determined  from  examina¬ 
tions  of  well  records  and  outcrops.  The  best  known  of  these  beds  are  as 
follows:  (1)  The  Chester  series  of  formations  of  the  upper  Mississippian, 
(2)  the  Pottsville  series  of  the  lower  Pennsylvanian,  and  (3)  the  Car¬ 
bondale  and  McLeansboro  coal-bearing  beds  of  upper  Pennsylvanian. 
Data  on  the  beds  underlying  the  Chester  were  obtained  from  one  well 
only,  for  no  others  in  the  area  have  penetrated  these  lower  strata.  Below 
the  Chester  the  rocks  are  predominately  limestone.  (See  the  columnar 
section  and  the  table  of  data  for  a  general  description  of  these  beds.) 

CHESTER  BEDS 

The  Chester  beds,  from  which  the  gas  and  oil  of  the  region  are  de¬ 
rived,  consist  of  sandstones,  shales,  and  limestones,  and  show  this  se¬ 
quence  of  beds  repeated  several  times.  The  sandstones  are  typically  the 
lowest  beds  in  each  group  and  commonly  lie  on  an  eroded  limestone 
surface. 

As  shown  in  the  columnar  section,  the  Chester  series  in  this  region 
consists  of  16  formations.  All  of  these  may  be  recognized  more  or  less 
clearly  in  those  well  logs  of  the  area  which  are  detailed  and  accurate. 
Production  is  limited  to  two  of  these  formations:  (a)  the  Cypress  sand¬ 
stone,  fifth  from  the  base,  the  more  important  producer;  and  (b)  the  Tar 
Springs  sandstone,  ninth  from  the  base,  which  is  productive  only  locallv. 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


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OIL  AXD  GAS  RESOURCES 


9 


Because  of  the  erosional  unconformity  at  the  base  of  the  Pennsyl¬ 
vanian  series,  one  or  more  of  the  upper  formations  of  the  Chester  series 
is  usually  missing.  The  three  upper  formations,  the  Clore,  Degonia,  and 
Kinkaid,  outcrop  in  the  valleys  along  the  southern  and  western  edges 
of  the  area  described. 

The  total  thickness  of  the  Chester  series  is  more  than  1000  feet.  At 
Sugar  Hill,  in  secs.  4,  8,  and  9,  T.  7  S.,  R.  3  W.  (Ora  Township),  it  is 
1,268  feet  thick. 


POTTSVILLE  BEDS 

The  Pottsville  beds  outcrop  over  a  larger  part  of  the  area  than  do 
the  Chester  formations,  and  consist  largely  of  massive  sandstone  beds 
alternating  with  shales,  shaly  sandstones,  and  local  beds  of  coal.  The 
beds  are  not  uniform  in  character,  but  range  from  cross-bedded  and  rip¬ 
ple  marked  sandstones  to  shales  which  vary  widely  in  both  composition 
and  thickness.  In  places  the  shaly  layers  thin  out  and  disappear  so  that 
locally  two  or  three  of  the  sandstones  may  form  an  apparent  strati¬ 
graphic  unit,  as  for  example,  at  Sugar  Hill.  The  sandstones  are  more 
abundant  toward  the  south  and  east,  thinning  out  among  the  increas¬ 
ingly  shaly  beds  towards  the  north  and  west.  None  of  the  Pottsville 
beds  is  productive  of  oil  or  gas  in  this  region. 

A  shale  bed  which  is  fairly  persistent  and  extensive  occurs  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  Pottsville  and  for  the  sake  of  convenience  is  called  the 
Ava  Shale.  It  can  be  identified  in  many  outcrops  and  well  records. 
Throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  area  the  Ava  shale  has  been  used  as 
the  key  horizon  for  the  contour  map  which  shows  the  structure  of  the 
Pennsylvanian  beds  (PI.  II).  Although  the  Ava  shale  is  irregular  in 
thickness  and  locally  is  missing  in  both  outcrops  and  well  logs,  it  was 
found  to  be  the  best  horizon  to  use  over  so  large  an  area. 

The  maximum  thickness  of  the  Pottsville  is  difficult  to  measure 
because  the  top  of  the  Pottsville  is  arbitrarily  taken  as  the  base  of  the 
Murphysboro  (No.  2)  coal,  and  the  coal  has  been  removed  by  erosion  in 
most  of  the  places  where  wells  have  been  drilled  through  to  the  Chester. 
Also  the  unconformity  immediately  above  the  Chester  brings  the  basal 
Pottsville  sandstone  in  many  places  in  contact  with  very  similar  upper 
Chester  sandstones,  so  that  from  a  well  log  it  is  difficult  to  locate  the 
contact.  In  certain  wells  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  area  the  Pottsville 
is  not  less  than  400  feet  thick  but  it  is  thinner  in  most  other  sections,  par¬ 
ticularly  at  the  western  edge  of  the  area  where  at  Wine  Hill  its  thick¬ 
ness  is  estimated  at  175  feet. 


10 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


HIGHER  PENNSYLVANIAN  BEDS 

The  higher  Pennsylvanian  •  beds,  of  the  age  usually  described  as 
Carbondale  and  McLeansboro,  are  more  uniform  in  character  than  the 
Pottsville.  Shale  is  the  dominant  rock.  There  are  some  irregular  sand¬ 
stone  beds,  notably  one  slightly  above  the  basal  coal  that  has  been  named 
the  Yergennes  sandstone,1  and  another  immediately  below  the  Herrin 
(No.  6)  coal  at  the  top  of  the  Carbondale.  In  addition  to  the  shales 
and  sandstones  there  are  several  important  coal  seams  with  associated 
thin  limestone  layers.  None  of  these  upper  Pennsylvanian  beds  is  pro¬ 
ductive  of  oil  or  gas  in  this  area. 

The  Carbondale  immediately  overlies  the  Pottsville  and  includes  the 
group  of  beds  which  occurs  between  the  base  of  the  Murphysboro  (No.  2) 
coal  and  the  top  of  the  Herrin  (No.  6)  coal.  A  third  important  coal, 
the  Harrisburg  (No.  5),  occurs  a  short  distance  below  the  top  of  the  Car¬ 
bondale  group. 

The  thickness  of  the  Carbondale  is  about  275  feet  in  the  Gallagher 
well,  sec.  17,  T.  6  S.,  R.  4  W.,  Perry  County,  just  north  of  the  area,  where 
the  best  data  on  the  thickness  were  available. 

The  Herrin  (No.  6)  coal  at  the  top  of  the  Carbondale  is  about  the 
highest  recognizable  bed  which  is  persistent  in  the  structurally  low  por¬ 
tions  of  the  area.  Therefore,  it  has  been  used  as  a  key  horizon  for  struc¬ 
ture  contours  in  the  north  parts  of  the  area  where  data  on  the  Ava  shale 
are  lacking.  Intervals  between  the  two  Pennsylvanian  key  horizons  were 
determined  as  follows:  SW.  corner  sec.  4,  T.  7  S.,  R.  4  W.  (Bradley 
Township)  314  feet;  NW.  p;  sec.  31,  T.  6  S.,  R.  2  W.  (Duquoin  Town¬ 
ship)  335  feet;  NE.  Rf  sec.  32,  T.  6  S.,  R.  4  W.  (Southwestern  Township), 
393  feet.  Although  the  variation  in  this  interval  is  considerable  over  dis¬ 
tances  of  a  few  miles,  the  local  variation  appears  to  be  generally  slight, 
so  that  the  structure  of  the  Herrin  (No.  6)  coal  may  be  given  the  same 
consideration  as  that  of  the  Ava  shale. 

The  greatest  measured  thickness  of  McLeansboro  strata,  or  the 
Pennsylvanian  strata  above  the  Herrin  (No.  6)  coal,  in  this  area,  is  9 7V2 
feet,  recorded  in  the  log  of  a  well  two  miles  north  of  Willisville. 

Structural  Geology 

SOURCES  OF  INFORMATION 

Outcrops  in  the  northeastern  plains  part  of  the  area  are  rare  because 
of  a  covering  of  glacial  and  alluvial  debris.  In  the  highland  area  to  the 
south  and  west  outcrops  are  more  abundant,  although  locally  there  is 

i  Shaw,  E  W„  and  Savage,  T.  E.,  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey  Geol.  Atlas,  No.  1S5,  Murphys- 
boro-Herrm  folio,  p.  7,  1912. 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCE'S 


.  11 

much  unconsolidated  surficial  material.  Levels  were  run  with  a 
planetable  and  a  telescopic  alidade  to  outcrops  which  could  he  used  for 
determining  structural  conditions,  and  to  wells,  mines,  and  borings  for 
which  data  are  available.  The  structural  data  obtained  from  a  study  of 
outcrops  have  been  supplemented  wherever  possible  by  data  from  well 
logs  and  mines. 

As  shown  on  the  structure  map,  data  on  the  Ava  shale  were  avail¬ 
able  for  the  greater  part  of  the  area.  In  the  low  area  to  the  north,  test 
borings  for  coal  provided  useful  data  for  determining  the  structure.  Oil 
and  gas  tests  are  numerous  along  the  crest  of  the  anticline  and  provide 
data  both  on  the  shallow  Pennsylvanian  beds  and  on  the  deeper  Chester 
beds. 

STRUCTURE 

The  principal  structural  feature  of  the  Ava-Campbell  Hill  district 
is  an  elongate,  irregular,  asymmetrical  anticline.  The  location,  extent, 
and  character  of  the  folds  are  shown  on  Plate  II  by  structure  contours 
on  Pennsylvanian  beds. 

From  the  southwest  portion  of  the  area  mapped  to  the  east  line  of 
Bradley  Township  the  axis  of  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline  trends  about 
N.  55°  E. ;  there  the  trend  changes  to  nearly  due  east.  The  highest  part 
of  the  anticline  is  located  along  the  axis  in  secs.  12,  13,  and  14,  Bradley 
Township.  The  crest  of  the  fold  slopes  gently  from  this  high  area  to  the 
southwest,  and  near  the  edge  of  the  area  mapped  it  rises  again  almost 
to  the  altitude  of  the  highest  part  of  the  anticline,  as  the  general  struc¬ 
ture  map  (PI.  II)  shows.  The  plunge  of  the  fold  to  the  east  is  more 
marked,  particularly  eastward  from  the  vicinity  of  sec.  4,  Ora  Township. 
The  north  and  west  slopes  of  the  arch  are  notably  steeper  than  the  south 
slopes.  The  local  dips  on  the  northwest  flank  are  commonly  5°  to  8° ; 
but  the  maximum  sustained  dip  is  less  than  3^4°.  On  the  southeast  flank 
local  dips  are  usually  less  than  5°  and  the  steepest  sustained  dip  is 
slightly  over  1°.  On  both  flanks,  however,  irregularities  and  reversals 
of  dips  occur  and  locally  higher  angles  of  dip  are  found. 

On  the  north  and  northwest  of  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline  gentle 
dips  in  a  northerly  direction  are  prevalent.  Eastward  dipping  strata 
on  the  west  side  of  the  area  form  a  basin. 

West  of  this  basin  there  is  a  local  uplift  of  some  prominence  known 
as  the  Wine  Hill  dome.  Only  one  structure  contour  completely  encloses 
this  dome  on  the  map,  but  the  dips  on  three  sides  are  fairly  pronounced. 
A  fault,  trending  nearly  parallel  to  the  strike  of  the  beds,  probably  lies 
a  short  distance  southwest  of  the  highest  part  of  this  uplift. 

South  of  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline  the  dips  are  rather  irregular  and 
generally  are  low. 


12 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


The  Levan  anticline  is  located  in  the  southeast  part  of  the  area 
mapped,  in  Levan  Township.  This  structure  is  elongated  in  a  north- 
south  direction  and  is  situated  just  west  of  a  zone  of  pronounced  east¬ 
ward  dip  which  occurs  along  most  of  the  east  side  of  the  area.  The 
Levan  anticline  dips  more  steeply  to  the  east,  instead  of  to  the  north¬ 
west  as  does  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline.  The  territory  between  the 
Levan  anticline  and  the  larger  Campbell  Hill  anticline  to  the  north  is 
structurally  higher  than  that  either  east  or  west  of  it,  thus  forming  a 
saddle. 

Other  less  important  structural  features,  several  of  which  are  de¬ 
scribed  below,  as  well  as  the  details  of  their  character  and  location,  are 
shown  on  the  structural  geology  map  (PI.  II). 

FAULTS 

A  southeast-northwest  fault  probably  crosses  the  Wine  Hill  dome  as 
mentioned  above.  The  fault  is  nowhere  visible,  but  it  is  strongly  sug¬ 
gested  by  local  changes  in  key-bed  elevations  and  by  abrupt  changes  in 
stratigraphy. 

A  zone  of  faulting  is  clearly  seen  in  outcrops  north  of  the  east  end 
of  the  main  arch,  especially  in  sec.  4,  Bradley  Township.  One  fault  in 
secs.  2  and  11,  Bradley  Township,  which  can  be  seen  in  two  places,  has  a 
vertical  displacement  of  about  10  feet  and  two  smaller  faults,  one  on 
either  side  of  the  large  fault  at  the  northwestern  exposure,  have  smaller 
displacements.  The  faults  are  roughly  parallel  and  trend  N.  403  W., 
with  the  downthrow  sides  to  the  northeast.  One  of  the  faults  of  this 
zone  probably  extends  northwest,  for  it  is  indicated  by  abrupt  changes  in 
key-bed  elevations  in  the  area  southwest  of  the  one-contour  elevation 
in  secs.  32  and  33,  Southwestern  Township.  The  extension  of  the  fault 
was  not  seen  in  the  field  but  its  supposed  course  is  shown  on  the  map 
by  broken  red  line  (Plate  II).  Where  visible,  the  downthrow  side  of  this 
fault  is  to  the  southwest.  Its  trend  is  parallel  to  the  structure  contours 
in  the  south  central  part  of  sec.  32. 

Faults  have  been  observed  in  other  parts  of  the  area.  In  general 
the  trend  of  the  faults  is  northwest  to  west-northwest,  nearly  at  right 
angles  to  the  axis  of  the  arch.  The  known  faults  are  closely  related  to 
the  topography  and  correspond  in  position  to  certain  indentations  of 
the  topographic  contour  lines.  Similar  indentations  of  the  topographic 
contour  lines,  where  faults  could  not  be  directly  observed,  may  likewise 
be  related  to  faults  or  they  may  represent  the  dying-out  of  faults  in  cross 
folds.  It  seems  possible  that  most  or  all  of  these  offsets  in  the  regularity 
of  the  topographic  outline  of  the  arch  along  the  north  flank  in  the  north¬ 
west  part  of  Ora  Township  may  have  been  caused  by  undetected  fault- 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES 


13 


in g.  It  is  probable  that  in  the  area  as  a  whole  faulting  has  taken  place 
to  a  far  greater  extent  than  can  be  observed  from  present  outcrops.  None 
of  the  known  faults  has  a  great  displacement,  in  so  far  as  determinable. 
The  only  one  of  considerable  displacement  is  just  east  of  the  center  of 
sec.  4,  Bradley  Township,  where  the  northeast  side  rises  about  60  feet. 

OIL  AND  GAS 

Although  oil  and  gas  both  are  produced  in  the  area,  the  gas  pro¬ 
duction  has  been  of  greater  commercial  importance  thus  far,  and  as  yet 
there  is  no  expectation  that  oil  production  will  increase  in  importance 
to  any  marked  degree.  None  of  the  wells  obtained  large  production, 
probably  because  of  the  irregularity  and  thinness  of  most  of  the  Chester 
sands.  The  discovery  of  larger  production  appears  to  depend  on  the  pos¬ 
sible  presence  of  deeper  and  more  favorable  productive  sands.  This  is 
discussed  on  a  later  page. 

The  producing  areas  as  shown  in  Plate  II  are  on  the  high  part  of 
the  main  Campbell  Hill  anticline.  The  relation  of  the  producing  areas 
to  the  structure  of  the  Menard  limestone  of  the  Chester  series,  as  well 
as  of  the  oil  to  gas  producing  areas,  is  shown  on  Plate  III. 

Marketable  oil  and  gas  have  come  from  only  two  of  the  Chester  for¬ 
mations  in  the  Campbell  Hill  area;  the  Tar  Springs  and  the  Cypress 
sandstones.  The  larger  part  of  the  gas  production,  and  the  oil  produc¬ 
tion  in  two  of  the  three  oil  pools,  is  from  the  Cypress  sandstone. 

As  the  map  shows  (PI.  Ill),  the  productive  areas  are  small  in  extent 
and  are  not  all  located  on  the  highest  points  of  the  local  domes  along 
the  Campbell  Hill  anticline.  The  relations  between  the  geologic  condi¬ 
tions  and  the  accumulation  of  oil  and  gas  in  this  area  are  further  shown 
by  the  several  detailed  cross-sections. 

Producing  Areas 

LANGE  POOL 

The  Lange  pool,  as  is  shown  on  Plate  III,  has  the  largest  producing 
area,  and  extends  over  the  highest  portion  of  the  Chester  structure  shown 
on  the  map.  Eight  of  the  twenty-seven  producing  wells  in  the  area  are 
located  in  this  pool. 

The  gas  production  is  obtained  from  the  lower  sandstone  member 
of  the  Cypress,  here  33  feet  thick  and  900  feet  below  the  surface  at  the 
crest  of  the  structure.  This  bed  is  usually  permeable  and  porous;  there¬ 
fore  accumulation  of  gas  on  the  highest  part  of  the  structure,  as  found 
here,  is  to  be  expected.  This  relation  is  shown  by  the  cross-sections 


14 


AVA-CA M I’REF.L  HTf.E  AREA 


600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

Sea  level 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 

A 


Ste.  Genevieve-, 


Limestone 


Shale 


EZD  Sandstone 


GIRed  Rock 


Fig.  2.  Cross-section  along  axis  of 
lation  to  oil  and  gas  accumulation. 


mu .i  1 1  uti  Hiiumu.iu.iuiii  n uhihujihi  -im  niljiiuimuMii.wmu  .  iinilllTiyi 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES 


15 


?glShaly  limestone 


EE3  Sandy  shale 


Sandy  limestone 


gH  Sandy  limestone 
with  shale 


B  (PI.  Ill)  showing  the  structure  and  sand  conditions  and  their  re 


16 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


(figs.  2  and  3).  The  producing  area  of  the  Lange  pool  is  outlined  by 
wells  which  found  water  in  the  lower  Cypress  sand.  A  test  on  this  part 
of  the  structure  has  been  drilled  through  the  Thebes  sandstone  to  a 
total  depth  of  2530  feet  and  found  nothing  below  the  Chester  except  a 
show  of  oil  in  the  top  of  the  Thebes  sand,  gee  reyigg<j  statement  np.  8  and  24 

RICKENBURG  POOL 

The  Rickenburg  pool,  which  is  second  in  size,  is  mostly  in  the  NE. 
sec.  11,  Bradley  Township.  As  the  structure  contours  show  (see 
PI.  Ill)  the  Menard  limestone  here  reaches  an  altitude  of  about  230 
feet,  second  only  to  the  height  attained  in  the  Lange  pool.  Production 
occurs  over  the  higher  part  of  this  local  dome.  The  limit  of  the  pro¬ 
ducing  area,  it  should  be  noted,  does  not  conform  closely  to  the  struc¬ 
ture  contours,  but  extends  somewhat  farther  down  the  west  slope  of  the 
dome  than  on  the  other  sides. 

Gas  occurs  in  the  Tar  Springs  sand  in  the  highest  part  of  the  Ricken¬ 
burg  pool.  Production  to  the  east  is  apparently  limited  by  a  change  in 
character  of  the  sand,  which  probably  becomes  nonpermeable  and  there¬ 
fore  nonproductive.  Wells  drilled  to  the  west,  down  dip  from  the  high¬ 
est  part  of  the  structure,  found  oil  in  the  Tar  Springs  sand  below  the 
gas,  and  water  in  the  lower  part. 

In  the  producing  wells  the  sand  is  commonly  reported  to  have  a 
thickness  of  from  13  to  37  feet  and  is  thickest  in  the  northern  and  east¬ 
ern  part  of  the  pool.  It  is  found  at  a  depth  of  about  560  feet  in  the 
higher  part  of  the  structure.  Tests  on  this  part  of  the  structure  have 
been  drilled  into  the  Aux  Vases  or  basal  sandstone  of  the  Chester  series, 
at  a  total  depth  of  1165  feet,  and  were  dry  below  the  Cypress  formation. 

A  small  gas  pool  in  the  Cypress  formation  underlies  the  southeast 
part  of  the  area  of  Tar  Springs  production  in  the  Rickenburg  pool.  The 
gas  is  in  the  lower  thick  Cypress  sand,  which  is  encountered  at  a  depth 
of  840  to  890  feet.  The  sand  is  some  40  feet  thick  here  and  thins  to  the 
northward.  The  pool  extends  from  the  top  of  the  Rickenburg  closure 
down  its  southern  slope  and  produces  from  five  wells.  A  well  at  the 
northern  end  of  the  closure  and  another  down  its  northeastern  slope  en¬ 
counter  only  salt  water  in  the  sand.  This  peculiar  location  of  the  gas 
on  the  southern  slope  of  the  structure  is  probably  to  be  explained  by 
a  change  to  finer  texture  of  the  sand  to  the  northward. 

COMBS-CARTER  POOL 

The  Combs-Carter  pool  is  composed  of  a  pool  in  the  lower  thick 
Cypress  sandstone,  principally  underlying  the  Combs  farm,  and  of  a  pool 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES 


17 


in  the  Tar  Springs  sand,  principally  underlying  the  Carter  farm.  These 
pools  partially  overlap  as  shown  on  Plate  III  but  for  convenience  they 
are  described  separately,  the  former  as  the  Combs  pool  and  the  latter 
as  the  Carter  pooh  The  relations  of  sand  conditions  and  structure  to 
production  are  shown  in  figure  2  and  particularly  well  in  figure  4. 

CARTER  POOL 

The  Carter  pool,  narrow  and  elongate  in  form,  lies  mostly  in  the 
north  central  part  of  sec.  12,  Bradley  Township.  The  structure  contours 
on  Plates  II  and  III  show  that  the  pool  lies  along  the  southeast  flank 
of  the  arch  rather  than  at  the  crest.  The  bed  which  produces  the  gas 
is  the  thick  lower  sandstone  of  the  Cypress  formation. 

The  location  of  the  gas  pool  on  the  flank  instead  of  along  the  crest 
of  the  arch  is  apparently  due  to  a  lack  of  permeability  of  the  Cypress 
sand  near  the  crest.  Samples  from  a  well  near  the  center  of  the  NW. 
34  sec.  12,  on  the  crest  of  the  structure,  show  the  Cypress  to  be  mostly 
shale,  containing  sandstone  fragments,  and  it  may  be  that  this  is  also  the 
condition  along  the  crest  immediately  above  the  pool.  This  seems  a 
reasonable  explanation  for  the  trapping  of  the  gas  in  the  open-textured 
part  of  the  bed  on  the  flank  of  the  structure.  The  producing  area  is  out¬ 
lined  to  the  east  and  south  by  wells  that  show  water  in  the  Cypress  sand 

(fi g-  4). 

Four  wells  produce  gas  from  this  pool.  The  sand  has  a  maximum 
thickness  of  about  30  feet  but  in  this  vicinity  shows  great  variability  in 
both  character  and  thickness.  It  is  reached  at  depths  of  820  to  900  feet 
and  no  wells  have  been  drilled  through  it  in  this  pool. 

COMBS  POOL 

Along  the  northern  edge  of  sec.  12,  Bradley  Township,  to  the  north¬ 
west  of  and  partly  overlapping  the  Carter  pool,  lies  the  smaller  Combs 
pool,  which  produces  gas  from  three  wells  in  the  Tar  Springs  sand. 
Plate  III  shows  that  the  area  of  production  extends  from  the  top  of  a 
small  one-contour  closure  dome  down  its  southeastern  slope.  The  Tar 
Springs  sand  is  30  feet  thick  here,  but  in  the  dry  hole  just  southwest 
of  the  pool  it  is  recorded  as  only  7  feet  thick  and  shaly  in  character. 
Just  south  of  the  pool  it  thins  to  5  feet  or  less.  Accordingly,  thinning 
of  the  formation  and  decreased  porosity  in  this  direction  are  believed  to 
account  for  the  location  of  the  pool  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  dome. 
The  sand  also  thins  to  the  northeast,  but  thickens  towards  the  southeast 
and  west.  It  is  reached  at  a  depth  of  515  feet.  Wells  have  been  drilled 
only  as  deep  as  the  Cypress  sand  which  produces  gas  in  the  eastern  bor- 


18 


AVA-CAMPBELL  PIILL  AREA 


der  of  the  Carter  pool.  However,  the  lower  sands  have  been  tested  in 
the  dry  hole,  in  the  northwest  corner  of  sec.  12,  Bradley  Township  (PI. 
Ill),  which  went  through  the  Yankeetown  and  Aux  Vases  sandstones  of 
the  lower  Chester,  with  no  show  of  oil  or  gas  in  either. 


700 


ilMno's  Stif-  Ge-o  ogic^’  Su'.e, 


600 


k- 


Aux  Vases 


•  •  •  « 


Ste.  Genevieve  - 


Fig.  3.  Cross-section  through  the  Lange-Geberding  pools  along  line 
E-F  (PI.  Ill)  showing  the  relation  of  structure  and  sand  conditions  to 
oil  and  gas  accumulation. 


DITCH  POOL 

The  Ditch  pool,  which  produces  oil  only,  lies  in  the  north  central 
part  of  sec.  12,  Bradley  Township,  south  and  southeast  of  the  Carter  and 
Combs  pools.  It  is  more  compact  in  form,  and  on  both  Plates  II  and  III 
is  shown  to  lie  in  a  rather  ill-defined  minor  structural  trough  which  heads 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES 


19 


at  the  side  of  the  closure  occupied  by  the  Combs  pool  and  descends  and 
broadens  out  towards  the  southeast. 

Eight  wells  have  produced  oil  from  this  pool.  The  oil  comes  from 
a  thin  lenticular  upper  sandstone  layer  of  the  Cypress  formation,  which 
here  as  in  many  other  parts  of  the  area  is  separated  from  the  main  sand¬ 
stone  bed  below  by  a  zone  of  shale  and  limestone  layers  about  25  feet 
thick.  The  upper  sand  in  the  Ditch  pool  varies  from  6  to  11  feet  in  thick¬ 
ness.  The  lower  sandstone  was  nonproductive  where  tested  in  this 
pool. 

The  peculiar  location  of  the  pool  in  the  structural  trough  on  the 
flank  of  the  main  structure  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  in  the  unpro¬ 
ductive  wells,  shown  on  Plate  III,  between  the  pool  and  the  crest  of  the 
arch,  and  in  the  wells  in  the  Carter  pool  and  along  the  crest  of  the  arch, 
the  upper  Cypress  sand  thins  from  5  feet  to  2  feet  and  finally  lenses  out. 
This  relation  is  plainly  seen  in  the  cross-section  (fig.  4).  It  is  absent 
also  in  the  wells  in  the  Morris  pool  to  the  east  and  is  thin  or  absent  to 
the  southeast  and  south.  It  seems  that  the  upper  Cypress  bears  oil  in  this 
vicinity  only  where  it  is  fairly  thick,  as  in  the  Ditch  pool,  and  therefore 
the  location  of  the  pool  is  primarily  a  matter  of  the  development  of  the 
sand  rather  than  of  structure. 

The  producing  sand  is  reached  at  a  depth  of  750  to  830  feet.  Wells 
in  the  pool  have  not  been  drilled  below  the  producing  sand,  but  wells 
nearby  have  been  drilled  through  the  Yankeetown  to  the  Aux  Vases 
sand.  Results  were  negative  with  two  exceptions ;  one  test  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  northeast  of  the  pool  found  showings  of  oil  in  the  lower  Cypress 
and  the  Yankeetown  sands;  another  test  an  eighth  of  a  mile  southeast 
had  a  showing  of  gas  in  the  main  lower  Cypress  sand. 

DOWNEN  POOL 

The  Downen  pool  is  located  in  the  west  central  part  of  sec.  15,  Brad¬ 
ley  Township.  It  is  elongate  in  form  and  lies  along  the  crest  of  the  arch 
at  the  southwestern  tip  of  its  productive  portion.  (See  Pis.  II  and  III). 
Four  wells  produce  gas  from  the  Tar  Springs  sand  in  this  pool.  Plate 
III  shows  a  slight  rise  of  the  arch  at  the  southwestern  end  of  the  pool, 
which  seems  to  be  the  factor  causing  local  gas  accumulation.  The  Tar 
Springs  sand  is  from  19  to  46  feet  thick  in  the  producing  area  and  is  en¬ 
countered  at  a  depth  of  about  590  feet.  Within  the  limits  of  the  pool  the 
deepest  drilling  has  gone  only  as  far  as  the  lower  Cypress  sand,  which 
gave  a  flow  of  gas  in  the  two  eastern  wells,  described  as  the  southwestern 
end  of  the  Lange  pool.  Southwest  of  the  pool  two  holes  drilled  through 
to  the  Yankeetown  sand  were  dry;  and  southeast  of  it  two  dry  holes 


20 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


gave  showings  of  oil  in  the  Yankeetown  sand,  which  was  as  far  as  they 
were  drilled. 

GEBERDING  POOL 


The  Geberding  pool  is  small  and  is  long  and  narrow  in  form,  extend¬ 
ing  in  a  north-south  direction  a  little  north  of  the  center  of  sec.  14, 


ggi  Limestone 
E3  Sandstone 
EE3  Shale 
wm.  Red  Rock 


ffjgj  Shaly  limestone 
Big  Sandy  limestone 
EEHi  Sandy  shale 


Fig.  4.  Cross-section  through  the  Carter-Modglin  pools  along  line 
C-D  (PI.  Ill)  showing  the  relation  of  structure  and  sand  conditions  to  oil 
and  gas  accumulation. 


Bradley  Township.  The  three  wells  in  it  have  produced  oil  from  the 
thin  upper  Cypress  sand,  which  is  6  to  7  feet  thick  and  is  encountered  at 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES 


21 


a  depth  of  about  845  feet.  None  of  these  wells  reached  the  thick  lower 
Cypress  sand,  but  holes  nearby  were  drilled  through  the  Cypress  and 
the  Yankeetown  sands,  both  of  which  showed  water,  and  also  through 
the  Aux  Vases  sandstone,  but  found  no  showings  of  oil  or  gas  in  any 
of  these  lower  sands.  One  well  drilled  to  the  northwest  of  the  pool, 
between  the  Geberding  and  the  Lange  pools  found  a  showing  of  gas, 
with  water  below,  in  the  thick  lower  Cypress  sand. 

Structurally  the  Geberding  pool  is  located  on  the  southeast  flank  of 
the  main  anticline,  and  there  is  little  in  the  structure  shown  on  Plate  III 
to  account  for  the  localization  of  the  oil  other  than  a  slight  flattening  of 
the  dip.  However,  the  lack  of  water  in  the  sand,  its  irregular,  lenticular 
nature,  and  the  peculiar  disconnected  occurrence  of  the  gas  pools  found 
in  it  at  the  crest  of  the  fold  indicate  that  the  accumulation  of  commercial 
amounts  of  oil  and  gas  in  this  sand  is  as  dependent  on  local  variations 
in  the  texture  and  nature  of  the  sand  as  on  the  structural  features  re¬ 
sulting  from  folding.  The  cross-section  (fig.  4)  shows  changes  of  this 
type  between  Geberding  No.  5  and  adjacent  wells. 

Drilling  around  the  Geberding  pool  has  been  unsuccessful  in  de¬ 
veloping  commercial  production.  The  testing,  moreover,  has  been  thor¬ 
ough  enough  so  that  the  absence  of  any  important  producing  area  in  the 
Chester  series  has  been  demonstrated.  Five  wells  drilled  close  to  the 
pool  found  shows  of  oil  in  the  thin  upper  Cypress  sand.  Farther  from 
the  producing  wells  the  sand  does  not  give  even  a  show  of  oil,  and  in 
only  one  hole,  at  the  southeast  edge  of  the  pool,  is  a  flow  of  water  re¬ 
corded.  Two  isolated  wells  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  apart  found 
flows  of  gas  in  the  upper  Cypress  sand.  These  wells  are  indicated  by 
shading  on  Plate  III,  one  in  the  center  of  the  Lange  pool  at  the  highest 
point  on  the  dome ;  the  other  to  the  northwest  between  the  Lange  and 
Rickenburg  pools. 


MORRIS  POOL 

The  Morris  pool,  also  small  in  size  and  elongate  in  form,  is  located 
in  the  northeastern  part  of  sec.  12,  Bradley  Township.  Two  gas  wells 
producing  from  the  thick  lower  sand  of  the  Cypress  formation  comprise 
this  pool.  Neither  well  was  drilled  through  the  producing  sand,  but  the 
logs  of  wells  drilled  nearby  give  its  thickness  as  from  22  to  42  feet.  The 
sand  is  encountered  at  a  depth  of  about  810  feet.  Plate  III  shows  that 
the  pool  is  located  on  a  small  anticlinal  nose  extending  southward  from 
the  main  anticline,  and  nearly  closed  ofif  from  it.  A  dry  hole  just  north 
of  the  pool  penetrates  the  Yankeetown  sand,  in  which  there  was  a  show 
of  oil  with  sulfurous  salt  water  below;  it  also  was  drilled  through  the 


22 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


Aux  Vases  sandstone  but  found  no  show  of  oil  or  gas  in  that  formation. 
Two  wells  located  on  the  top  of  the  main  anticline  between  the  Morris 
and  Carter  pools  tested  the  main  Cypress  sand.  The  Cypress  was  pres¬ 
ent  in  both  wells,  and  in  one  was  found  carrying  water  and  a  small  show¬ 
ing  of  oil. 

SMALLER  PRODUCING  AREAS 

Two  smaller  producing  areas  lie  near  the  Morris  pool ;  one  is  half  a 
mile  east  of  it  along  the  northern  edge  of  sec.  7,  Ora  Township;  the 
other  is  in  the  NE.  SE.  ^4  sec.  12,  Bradley  Township.  Each  of  these 
pools  is  limited  to  one  producing  gas  well.  Both  pools  get  gas  produc¬ 
tion  from  the  thick  lower  Cypress  sand.  The  logs  of  wells  drilled  nearby 
show  that  the  sand  is  about  23  feet  thick. 

The  eastern  one  of  the  two  pools  lies  along  the  crest  of  the  main 
anticline  at  a  point  where  the  eastward  pitch,  of  the  anticlinal  axis  in¬ 
creases  a  little.  The  local  gas  accumulation  is  probably  related  to  the 
steepening  of  the  dip.  The  producing  sand  in  this  pool  was  found  at  a 
depth  of  850  feet. 

The  relation  of  the  location  of  the  other  pool  to  structural  conditions 
is  less  apparent.  It  lies  along  the  southern  slope  of  the  anticline,  at  the 
lower  edge  of  a  terrace-like  flattening,  which  apparently  served  as  a  trap 
for  gas  migrating  through  the  sand  at  that  point.  There  the  depth  to 
the  gas  sand  is  780  feet. 

In  the  vicinity  of  each  of  these  pools  deeper  holes  found  only  water 
in  testing  all  the  sands  including  the  Yankeetown. 

Exploration  Outside  the  Producing  Area 

Outside  of  the  immediate  area  which  has  been  proved  productive 
there  has  been  extensive  testing  of  the  Chester  sands,  particularly  on  the 
more  favorable  structures.  Showings  of  oil  and  gas  in  the  Tar  Springs 
and  Cypress  sands  have  been  found  near  the  producing  areas  and  these 
have  been  to  some  extent  described  in  connection  with  these  pools. 
Other  noteworthy  showings  of  oil  and  gas  are  described  below. 

Gas  and  Oil  Showings 

In  the  NW.  *4  sec.  22,  Bradley  Township,  on  the  south  flank  of  the 
anticline,  three  holes  encountered  shows  of  oil  in  a  thin  upper  sand  of 
the  Yankeetown  formation,  and  found  salt  water  below  it  in  the  thick 
main  sand.  A  showing  of  oil  was  also  found  in  this  thin  upper  Yankee¬ 
town  sand  in  a  well  in  the  center  of  NW.  J4  sec.  Ora  Township.  This 
well  had  a  small  show  of  gas  in  the  thick  lower  Cypress  sand.  In  another 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES 


23 


well  to  the  east  in  the  SW.  corner  SE.  34  SW.  34  sec.  4,  Ora  Township, 
(see  PI.  II)  a  light  show  of  oil  was  found  in  the  thick  lower  sand  of  the 
Yankeetown.  Both  of  these  last  wells  are  located  on  the  top  of  the  anti¬ 
cline  east  of  the  producing  area.  The  second  well  and  a  dry  hole  in  the 
NE.  corner  sec.  8,  Ora  Township,  tested  the  small  one-contour  closure 
shown  on  Plate  II  in  the  southwest  part  of  sec.  4  and  the  northwest  part 
of  sec.  8. 

In  a  well  along  the  SE.  34  SW.  34  sec.  Bradley  Township,  (see  PI. 
Ill)  a  show  of  gas  appeared  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Glen  Dean  lime¬ 
stone,  which  lies  below  the  Tar  Springs  sandstone,  and  another  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  Golconda  limestone,  which  overlies  the  Cypress  sand¬ 
stone.  A  show  of  oil  was  reported  from  the  lower  part  of  the  Glen  Dean 
limestone  in  a  well  near  the  center  of  sec.  11,  Bradley  Township.  An¬ 
other  well,  in  the  southeastern  part  of  sec.  6,  Ora  Township,  showed  gas 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  Golconda. 

Dry  Holes 

Dry  holes  have  been  drilled  to  the  Chester  sands  at  various  points 
outside  the  producing  area,  as  shown  on  Plates  II  and  III.  They  have 
tapped  the  sands  at  the  more  favorable  points  along  the  crest  of  the  anti¬ 
cline  to  the  east  of  the  producing  area,  in  the  southern  part  of  secs.  4  and 
6,  the  northwestern  part  of  sec.  7,  the  northern  part  of  sec.  8  and  the 
SW.  34  NW.  >4  sec.  9,  Ora  Township.  To  the  east  of  them,  in  the 
NW.  corner  sec.  8,  Vergennes  Township,  (see  PI.  II)  another  dry 
hole  was  drilled  into  the  base  of  the  Chester,  probably  well  into  the 
Aux  Vases  sandstone.  It  is  located  on  what  is  apparently  the  eastward 
continuation  of  the  main  Campbell  Hill  anticline,  here  reduced  to  a  low 
arch  of  little  or  no  surface  expression. 

To  the  southwest  of  the  producing  area,  holes  have  been  drilled  along 
the  more  favorable  parts  of  the  anticline  in  the  SE.  34  sec.  16  (see 
PI.  Ill),  the  NW.  34  SW.  34  sec.  15,  and  NW.  corner  SE.  34>  SW.  corner 
NE.  34,  and  SW.  corner  SE.  34  SE.  34  sec.  20  of  Bradley  Township. 
Several  of  these  penetrate  the  Yankeetown  sand,  and  the  one  at  the  crest 
of  the  arch  in  NW.  corner  SE.  34  sec.  20  goes  into  Aux  Vases  sand.  All 
of  them  are  dry,  and  they  serve  to  delimit  the  Chester  production 
towards  the  southwest,  for  the  arch  flattens  out  in  that  direction  beyond 
them. 

Within  this  area  only  two  wells  have  been  drilled  into  the  pro¬ 
ductive  sand  horizons  south  of  the  main  anticline  and  both  of  these  are 
dry  holes.  One  of  them  tested  the  highest  part  of  the  Levan  anticline  in 
NE.  34  SW.  34  sec.  10,  Levan  Township  (see  PI.  II).  The  other  is  located 
in  the  SW.  corner  NW.  34  NW.  34  sec.  24,  Bradley  Township,  at  the 


24 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


southeastern  border  of  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline,  where  the  structural 
slope  flattens  out  into  the  saddle  mentioned  on  page  12.  Both  holes  were 
drilled  through  the  base  of  the  Chester  beds  and  into  the  Ste.  Genevieve 
limestone  below. 

North  of  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline  two  wells  have  been  drilled  into 
the  Cypress  formation  and  both  were  dry  holes.  One  of  these  lies  in  the 
NE.  34  NE.  34  sec.  32,  Southwestern  Township,  on  the  lower  north  flank 
of  the  anticline.  The  other  is  nearly  three  miles  to  the  north,  in  sec.  17 
of  Southwestern  Township,  and  is  in  an  area  which  is  structurally  nearly 
flat. 

Other  dry  holes  are  shown  on  Plates  II  and  III,  but  most  of 
them  test  only  the  Pennsylvanian  or  upper  Chester  rocks  and  have  not 
penetrated  the  oil-  and  gas-bearing  beds  of  the  lower  Chester. 

UNTESTED  STRATA  IN  THE  MAIN  CAMPBELL 

HILL  ANTICLINE2 

Recent  development  in  the  more  favorable  local  domes  along  the 
highest  part  of  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline  has  resulted  in  thorough  test¬ 
ing  of  the  more  shallow  zones.  Each  of  the  suitable  localities  has  been 
tested  to  the  Yankeetown  sand,  and  a  well  was  drilled  to  test  lower  for¬ 
mations  in  the  Lange  pool  in  the  NW.  34  SE.  34  NE.  Ya  sec.  15,  Bradley 
Township,  which  reached  a  total  depth  of  25,30  feet,  the  greatest  depth 
attained  by  any  well  in  the  area  or  nearby. 

This  deep  well  passed  through  the  recognized  Chester  and  Lower 
Mississippian  series  and  entered  a  thick  shale  sequence  at  2020  feet,  the 
correlation  of  which  is  uncertain.  This  shale  occupies  the  normal  place 
in  the  stratigraphic  section  of  the  Kinderhook-Chattanooga  formations, 
but  it  more  closely  resembles  the  Maquoketa  shale  in  lithology.  If  this 
is  the  Maquoketa  shale,  the  Silurian  and  Devonian  formations  have  been 
removed  by  pre-Mississippian  erosion  in  this  area,  as  they  were  in  Mon¬ 
roe  County  on  the  Waterloo  and  Valmeyer  anticlines.  Immediately  be¬ 
neath  the  shale,  at  a  depth  of  2410  feet,  the  drill  entered  a  very  cherty 
limestone,  in  which  the  well  ended  at  a  depth  of  2530  feet.  The  very 
cherty  character  of  this  limestone  is  typical  of  the  Devonian  limestone 
underlying  the  Chattanooga  shale,  whereas  the  Kimmswick  limestone 
beneath  the  Maquoketa  formation  has  very  little  chert.  It  seems  likely, 
therefore,  that  the  normal  stratigraphic  sequence  prevails  here. 

2  The  study  of  the  Lange  well  was  made  by  other  members  of  the  Survey  staff  who 
also  collaborated  in  preparing  the  statement  regarding  the  testing  of  deeper  strata  in 
the  main  Campbell  Hill  anticline.  The  author  of  this  report  did  not  have  opportunity 
to  study  the  well  cutting  samples  from  the  well  or  to  compile  the  generalized  columnar 
section  below  the  Chester  series  shown  on  Plate  I. — Editoi"’s  note. 


OIL  AND  GAS  RESOURCES 


25 


Assuming  this  to  be  true,  the  possibilities  of  the  Kimmswick-Plattin 
(“Trenton”)  limestone  have  not  been  determined.  The  top  of  the  Kimms- 
wick  probably  lies  about  1000  feet  beneath  the  base  of  the  Kinderhook- 
Chattanooga  shale. 

If  this  shale  is  the  Maquoketa,  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  would  be 
reached  at  a  depth  of  some  600  feet  beneath  this  shale.  The  St.  Peter 
sandstone  is  of  interest  to  oil  men  at  the  present  time  for  it  is  similar  in 
character  to  and  is  the  approximate  stratigraphic  equivalent  of  the  Wil¬ 
cox  sand  of  Oklahoma.  Further,  the  generally  open  texture  of  this  sand¬ 
stone  gives  promise  of  good  possibility  of  the  proper  conditions  of  per¬ 
meability  for  satisfactory  oil  or  gas  production.  The  overlying  lime¬ 
stone  may  be  assumed  to  have  contained  abundant  source  material  for 
forming  petroleum  and  gas.  In  view  of  the  above  considerations  it  is 
believed  that  drilling  to  test  the  St.  Peter  sandstone  is  desirable. 

If  the  structure  is  to  be  tested  thoroughly,  two  deep  wells  will 
be  necessary.  One  of  these  should  be  located  in  the  NW.  34  NW.  34 
sec.  14,  Bradley  Township,  near  or  within  the  highest  structure  contour 
as  shown  on  Plate  III,  and  the  other  either  in  the  structurally  high  area 
of  the  Rickenburg  pool  in  the  NE.  34  sec.  H  (see  PI.  Ill)  or  in  the  struc¬ 
turally  high  area  in  the  NE.  34  NW.  34  sec.  12,  Bradley  Township. 
Because  of  the  faulting  to  the  west  of  this  second  location,  which  should 
serve  to  interrupt  the  circulation  of  fluids  through  any  porous  rock  bed, 
it  seems  possible  that  the  latter  location  is  to  be  preferred  to  the  one  in 
sec.  11. 

SHALLOW  TESTING  OL  OTHER  STRUCTURES 

Levan  Anticline 

The  Levan  anticline  is  the  most  pronounced  structure  outside  of 
the  strongly  folded  Campbell  Hill  anticline.  As  Plate  II  shows,  the 
highest  point  of  this  structure  is  located  in  sec.  10,  Levan  Township,  and 
is  marked  by  a  two-contour  closure.  This  structure  has  been  tested 
through  the  Chester  by  only  one  well  which  found  no  showings  of  oil 
or  gas.  According  to  the  best  available  information  this  well  does  not 
condemn  the  Levan  anticline  any  more  than  one  of  the  dry  holes  drilled 
on  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline  condemns  that  structure,  for  the  presence 
of  properly  permeable  sand  bodies,  as  well  as  favorable  structural  feat¬ 
ures,  is  necessary  for  oil  and  gas  production.  The  records  available  do 
not  show  whether  this  well  on  the  top  of  the  Levan  anticline  found  any 
water  in  either  the  Tar  Springs  or  Cypress  sands,  although  it  is  known 
that  in  a  well  drilled  in  sec.  16  in  which  the  Tar  Springs  sand  was  only 
10  feet  lower  structurally,  salt  water  was  found.  The  Cypress  sand, 
however,  was  not  reported  to  have  contained  water  in  this  latter  well. 


26 


AVA-CAMPBELL  HILL  AREA 


In  case  the  dry  hole  in  sec.  10  failed  to  find  water  in  either  the  Tar 
Springs  or  Cypress  sands,  then  only  the  location  and  not  the  structure 
is  condemned. 

Minor  Structures 

Other  structures  possibly  favorable  for  oil  and  gas  accumulation 
which  might  be  worth  testing  through  the  Chester  will  be  described,  in 
so  far  as  possible  in  their  order  of  merit,  although  there  is  little  choice 
between  them.  None  of  them  is  strongly  folded,  and  in  even  the  most 
favorable  the  uncertainty  of  getting  production  is  high  because  of  the 
very  irregular  and  unpredictable  occurrence  of  the  oil  and  gas  in  the 
Chester  beds.  Consequently  a  structure  should  not  be  condemned  on 
the  basis  of  only  one  dry  hole. 

On  the  eastern  extension  of  the  main  anticline  there  is  a  spot  in  the 
NW.  %.  sec.  11,  Ora  Township,  where  a  test  might  be  made.  The  anticline 
is  narrow  here,  and  the  topography  indicates  a  local  bulge  on  it  which  the 
structural  data  were  not  complete  enough  to  show.  The  nearest  oil  tests 
are  two  wells  a  mile  and  a  half  to  the  west-northwest  along  the  southern 
boundary  of  sec.  4.  Both  of  these  go  through  the  base  of  the  Chester; 
one  found  only  a  small  show  of  oil  in  the  lower  Yankeetown,  the  other 
was  dry.  A  dry  hole  is  also  located  about  three  miles  to  the  east  in  the 
northwest  corner  of  sec.  8,  Vergennes  Township,  referred  to  before  as 
having  gone  into  the  Aux  Vases  sandstone  with  negative  results.  A 
single  additional  hole  should  suffice  to  test  the  possibilities  of  the  struc¬ 
ture,  and  it  should  be  located  on  the  crest  of  the  ridge  at  or  near  its 
highest  point,  in  the  NE.  ^4  NW.  sec.  H-  The  Tar  Springs  sand 
should  be  encountered  at  a  depth  of  from  700  to  750  feet;  the  Cypress 
at  from  880  to  930  feet;  and  the  Yankeetown  at  from  1140  to  1190  feet. 

The  area  which  appears  to  have  the  next  best  possibilities  for  testing 
is  the  Wine  Hill  dome  in  sec.  5  of  Wine  Hill  Township.  This  structure 
was  described  on  page  11  as  a  one-contour  dome,  and  reference  was 
made  to  the  fault  along  its  southwest  flank.  The  possibility  of  a  detri¬ 
mental  effect  on  possible  oil  and  gas  accumulation  as  a  result  of  this 
faulting  seems  negligible,  for  in  the  Rickenburg,  Combs,  and  Carter 
pools  nearby,  faulting  apparently  has  had  little  effect  either  in  the  ac¬ 
cumulation  or  dispersion  of  the  oil  and  gas.  No  deep  wells  are  known 
near  the  Wine  Hill  structure  except  one  about  four  miles  northwest,  in 
sec.  23  of  Bremen  Township,  in  which  some  gas  was  encountered  but 
was  drowned  out  by  salt  water.  The  horizon  which  showed  the  gas  has 
not  been  determined  but  it  is  known  that  it  is  in  the  Chester  series.  A 
single  test  well  on  the  Wine  Hill  dome  might  be  enough  to  test  it  and 
should  be  located  on  the  highest  part  of  the  hill,  either  in  the  area  shown 
on  the  topographic  map  as  inclosed  by  the  620-foot  contour  or  slightly 


OIL  Ai\TD  GAS  RESOURCES 


27 


north  of  it.  The  Tar  Springs  sand  should  be  encountered  at  a  depth  of 
about  400  feet;  the  Cypress  sand  at  about  650  feet;  and  the  Yankeetown 
sand  at  about  750  feet. 

Another  place  for  a  test  is  shown  on  Plate  III  as  a  broad  one- 
contour  closure  in  the  E.  ^  sec.  32  and  the  W.  ^4  sec.  33,  Southwestern 
Township.  The  data  are  not  full  enough  to  recommend  an  exact  loca¬ 
tion  for  drilling  but  a  hole  about  in  the  middle  of  the  eastern  boundary 
of  sec.  32  would  test  the  structure.  There  are  no  deep  drill-holes  nearer 
than  those  along  the  Campbell  Hill  anticline  three  miles  southeast.  The 
Tar  Springs  sand  should  be  entered  at  a  depth  of  about  575  feet;  the 
Cypress  at  about  850  feet;  and  the  Yankeetown  at  about  975  feet. 

Near  the  SW.  corner  sec.  34,  Bradley  Township*  there  is  another 
location  which  might  repay  a  test.  It  is  a  two-contour  closure  of  small 
area,  flanked  on  the  west  by  a  rather  steep  syncline.  No  holes  which 
encounter  the  productive  sands  are  nearer  than  those  along  the  main 
anticline  to  the  north,  in  secs.  20  and  22,  Bradley  Township.  The  struc¬ 
ture  could  be  tested  by  a  single  well  located  about  700  feet  east  and  200 
feet  north  of  the  SW.  corner  sec.  34.  The  Tar  Springs  sand  should  be 
encountered  at  a  depth  of  about  450  feet;  the  Cypress  at  about  750  feet; 
and  the  Yankeetown  at  about  875  feet. 

In  secs.  33  and  34  of  Ora  Township  the  flattened  northern  end  of 
the  Levan  anticline  offers  another  site  for  testing  the  Chester  sands. 
This  is  the  least  favorable  of  all  the  locations  shown  on  Plate  II, 
for  there  is  no  closure,  and  the  crest  of  the  anticline  is  broad  and 
ill-defined.  The  test  hole  should  be  located  near  the  line  between  secs. 
33  and  34,  about  three-eighths  of  a  mile  north  of  their  southern  boundary. 
The  nearest  well  which  penetrates  the  Chester  sands  is  the  one  in  sec. 
10  which  was  referred  to  before  as  a  dry  hole.  The  Tar  Springs  sand 
should  be  entered  at  a  depth  of  about  700  feet;  the  Cypress  at  about  1025 
feet;  and  the  Yankeetown  at  about  1175  feet. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Report  of  Investigations  No.  16,  Plate  I 


Formation  Series  System 


ICO 


:: 


2M 


400 


700 


800 


900 


1000 


1100 


1200 


1300 


1400 


1500 


1600 


1800 


1900 


2000 


2100 


2700 


No.  6  coal 


No.  6  cool 


McLeanaboro 

formation 


Carbondale 

formation 


PottsvtDe 

formation 


Klnkald 

limestone 


Degonla 

sandstone 


Clore 

formation 


Palestine 

sandstone 


Menard 

limestone 


Vienna 

9hale 


Tar  Spring* 
■nndstone 


Glen  Dean 
llmeetone 


Hardlnsburg 

sandstone 


Golconda 

limestone 


Cyprees 

sandstone 


Paint  Creek 
formntlon 


Yankee  town 
sandstone 


Renault 

formation 


Aui  Vases 
sandstone 


Ste.  Genevieve 
llmeetone 


St  Louie 
llmostono 


Spergen 

llmeetone 


Warsaw -Keokuk 

llmeetone 


Kiadsrbook- 

OiftiTvooca  shale 
iRKBSketaT) 


Deroeiaa 
Luaeetooe 
l  Klrr-gjwlck  7) 


I 

I 

J 


'5. 

O. 


S 


I 

1 


1 


3100 


Generalized  columnar  section  for  the  Ava-Campbell  Hill  area 


I-owcr  Minsisnlppian 


PLATE  II 


Y  1V*T>2  ITA/ir'  rioh  jjI 


/  / 


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Vi  V 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Report  of  Investigations  No.  16,  Plate  II 


31 

1 _ 


General  map  of  the  Ava-Campbell  Hill  area  with  structure  contours  showing  the  elevation  of  the  Ava  shale  in  black  and  the  Herrin  (No.  6) 
coal  in  red.  The  producing  areas,  areas  recommended  for  prospecting,  a  nd  oil  tests  drilled  outside  the  producing  areas  are  shown  by  appropriate 
symbols. 


t 


Producing  (iron* 


Observed  fault 


Inferred  fault 


Contour  "bowing  elevation 
of  tho  Ava  nhnla 


Contour  showing  approximate 
olovatlon  of  tho  Ava  shale 

Dry  hole,  show  of  oil  In 
Yankeetown  sandstone 


Dry  hole,  tested  Into: 


Yunkootown  sandstone 


Cypress  sandstone 

Tar  Springs  sandstone 

Areas  recommended  for 
drilling 

Observed  fault 


Inferred  fault 


Contour  showing  elevation 
of  Herrin  (No.  6)  coal 

Contour  showing  approximate 
elevation  of  Herrin 
(No.  0)  coal 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Report  of  Investigations  No.  16,  Plate  III 


Show  of  gas — well  abandoned 

Oil-producing  area 

Show  of  oil — well  abandoned 


Show  of  oil  in  Yankeetown 
sandstone 

Show  of  gas  in  other  Chester 
formations 


Dry  hole  tested  into: 

;  Yankeetown 
sandstone 

2  Cypress  sandstone 

3  Tar  Springs 

sandstone 

Fault — definite 
Fault— doubtful 
Contour — definite 
-  Contour — doubtful 


R.  4  W. 

Structure  map  of  the  Ava-Campbell  Hill  gas  fields  with  contours  showing  the  elevation  of  the  Menard  limestone.  Locations  of  producing  areas 
and  abandoned  wells  are  also  shown. 


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